To ensure a flexible architecture in Java, several principles can be applied:
- Modularization: Use a modular structure where components are decoupled.
- SOLID Principles: Follow the SOLID design principles, especially focusing on the Open/Closed Principle (systems should be open for extension but closed for modification) and Dependency Inversion to ensure loose coupling.
- Design Patterns: Apply design patterns such as Proxy, Facade, Adapter or Factory to promote flexibility and reusability in handling changing requirements.
- Microservices Architecture: Consider microservices, where individual services are independent and communicate via APIs, allowing easy updates without affecting the entire system.

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